The toddler years are full of exciting changes. Between 18 months and 3 years, children make rapid progress in their physical, language, cognitive, social and emotional development. While every child develops at their own pace, understanding typical toddler milestones can help parents celebrate progress and recognise when additional support may be helpful.
Together with Michelle Tangeman, behaviour analyst and creator of The Thriving Toddler, and drawing on guidance from trusted Australian child health resources, we've outlined some of the key developmental milestones commonly seen between 18 and 23 months.
While developmental milestones provide a helpful guide, every child develops at their own pace. Some children may reach milestones earlier or later than others, and variation is completely normal.
Language development
Following simple instruction
Around 18 to 23 months, many toddlers begin following simple one-step instructions such as "Come here" or "Can you bring me your shoes?" This demonstrates growing language comprehension and an increasing understanding of the world around them.
Asking simple questions
As vocabulary develops, toddlers begin using simple questions, responding with "yes" and "no", and combining words into short phrases. These are important milestones that support both communication and social development.
Cognitive development
Sorting toys and objects
As problem-solving skills develop, toddlers begin sorting toys into groups by colour, shape or size. Whether they're organising blocks or matching similar objects, these activities help build early thinking and learning skills.
Imaginative play
Pretend play often begins to flourish during this stage. Whether they're making tea for their teddy bears or pretending to cook dinner, imaginative play supports creativity, language development and social skills.
Physical development
Running and kicking a ball
Between 18 months and 2 years, toddlers become increasingly confident with movement. Running, climbing, kicking a ball and exploring outdoor environments all help develop balance, coordination and gross motor skills. Providing plenty of opportunities for active play supports healthy physical development and builds confidence as your toddler learns new skills.
Social and emotional development
Joint attention
Joint attention is an important developmental milestone. For example, if you point to an aeroplane flying overhead and your toddler follows your gesture before looking back at you, they are demonstrating joint attention. This skill supports communication, learning and social interaction.
Learning to share and let go
Many toddlers become attached to favourite toys or comfort items. Learning to hand these over without becoming upset is an important step in developing emotional regulation and flexibility.
Showing empathy
As toddlers become more aware of the feelings of others, they may begin comforting someone who is upset with a hug, a toy or kind words. Reading books about emotions and talking about feelings can help strengthen empathy and emotional understanding.
Expressing frustration
Frustration is a normal part of toddler development. As children continue building their language skills, they may become upset when they can't communicate exactly what they want. Remaining calm, acknowledging their feelings and helping them find the words to express themselves can support emotional development.
When should you seek advice?
Every child develops at their own pace, and it's perfectly normal for milestones to vary. However, if you're concerned about your child's development, or notice they have stopped using skills they previously had, speak with your GP, child health nurse or paediatrician. Early advice can provide reassurance or identify whether additional support may be helpful.
For more information on developmental milestones, visit:
• Pregnancy, Birth and Baby: https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au
• Raising Children Network: https://raisingchildren.net.au
• The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne: https://www.rch.org.au
